November 2025 Weather Report

Overview

A very wet month (including the hailstorm described below) with temperatures overall close to average (as a result of above average and below average readings balancing out, rather than most readings being close to average!)

Precipitation

There was no snow!

Hail

This is an unusual item for these reports but the hailstorm on 16 November seems to be very notable. The 2 images following were snipped from a video posted by Larry Gray to the Real Mallacoota Facebook group.

The stones appeared to be 1 - 2 cm in diameter, but not to have done a great deal of damage to property or cars.  It seems from looking at the (now long gone) BoM airport data and that from my Weather Station (WS) to have amounted to 3 - 5mm of rain.  

From comments by Marty Goodison and others it appears that - as usual with thundery squalls - the amount of hail varied considerably across town.  By way of example the precipitation recorded at Gabo (shown against 17 November due to the stupid 0900 reset) was 5.6 mm vs 15.6 mm at the airport and 11.6 mm at my WS.  I suspect that the small size of my collector meant some of the stones bounced out.

I'll also note here that my WS recorded a rain rate of 256 mm/hr against 1500hrs on that date. 

Rainfall

There was >0.2mm of rain on 15 days (and 0.2 mm on a further 3 days).  My rain records (back to 1974, including BoM records for the airport) cover 595 months and only 48 of them record >0.2mm on more than 15 days.  The greatest number of rainy days is 21, in August 1992 and October 1976.

The monthly total (160.0mm) was well above the average and last year for November. Only 5 of 46 Novembers have a greater fall.  This was 250% of the median fall for the month.  We have clearly recovered from the dry period caused by the Sudden Stratospheric Warming event of September and early October!

The year to date total is 1174 mm (140% of the median fall to the end of the month).  My pro-rata estimate is continuing to suggest about 1280 mm for the year, implying about 110 mm for December.

The upturn at the end of November 2023 is the result of falls of 89 mm and 116 mm on the last two days of that month.

Temperatures

The temperature anomaly ended the month at -0.23C, having been just below 0C for the last third of the month.

Plotting a time series of the value of the anomaly shows a marked drop in the 12 month moving average as a result of replacing a very high value from November 2024 with a low value for this year.  The trend of that series continues downwards.

The chart of extremes for the month shows somewhat different patterns for the two variables.

Minimum temperatures

The average minimum for the month was 12.1C, well below the average for November recorded at my WS.  This continues the situation for the second half of this year with low minima.

The lowest temperature recorded in the month was 6.6C approximately in the middle of the range recorded at my WS or the Airport BoM station. 

12 minima were significantly below the WS average for the month (of which 7, early in the month, were very significantly below average).  In contrast 13 minima were significantly above the average minimum (with 9, in clusters at each end of the month, were very significantly above the average).  The math (30-12-13) confirms than only 5 days had minima not significantly different to the average: I'm not sure what that means.

Maximum temperatures

The average maximum for the month was 21.9C well below the average for November.  Looking at the monthly series for my WS shows this year as usually a little above average, but November has dropped.

The highest temperature recorded in the month was 28.7C, one of the lowest maxima recorded for November.  Of the 7 years for which I have WS records, ranging from 25.1C to 38.8C,  3 are clustered at the cold end and 3 at the hot end!

13 Maxima are significantly below the monthly average (9 very much so) and  10 are significantly above the average (7 very much so).  Again arithmetic shows relatively few maxima (7) were close to the average. 

Humidity

The most striking take for the daily series is the closeness, for most days, of the morning and afternoon readings.

Averages for both series are among the highest recorded, with is not surprising noting the number of rainy days referred to above.

Wind

My recordings of wind for this month are very surprisingly low.  I suspect one or more of the following is in play here in the last 2 years in particular:

1. something has changed in the very local environment; and/or 
2. Something has changed in the WS mechanism in the last 2 years; and/or
3. An attribute of the wind (eg direction or strength) has changed.  

Unfortunately the BoM have not given useful historical data about wind since about 2010.  My local wunderground sites are largely no longer available.  I need to think more about how to handle this, noting that the BoM data for November 2024 and November 2025 show an increase in maximum gusts coming from the South, from which my WS is particularly sheltered.

Tempest Observations

A friend has provided me access to his observations recorded on the Tempest system giving data on some variables not available through my WS.

Solar Radiation

The chart below shows (1) the highly seasonal nature of solar radiation levels and (2) the very stable level of a 12 month moving average which removes that effect.  The average watts/sq m is 171.4 with a standard deviation of 2.91 (=1.7%).

Lightning

The number of lightning strikes given in this system uses data from stations within 40km of the base station augmented by data from other sources.  I have usually shown only the basic count of strikes (on a logarithmic scale to accommodate the wide variation in the series).

Given the high number of strikes this month (1856) I thought it interesting to show the number of strikes x day also. I have included the rainfall (multiplied by 10 to allow it to stand out more).

As well as fact of nearly half the strikes occurring in one day (8th) it is IMO notable that while lightning strikes are always (in this month at least) accompanied by rain, high amounts of rain can occur without lightning (eg 9th and 23rd).